The Apollo Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Apollo Program - Research Paper Example Subsequent to the takeoff of Sputnik II wherein Laika, the first animal to orbit the Earth, was on board, then President Eisenhower informed the country that he was making ‘Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology,’ a new position in the government. This would play a big role in the formation of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), the administration that would send the first men to the Moon in 1969. President Eisenhower took the first step to strengthen the objective of launching men to the Moon. John F. Kennedy who took the place of presidency after Eisenhower thrust those objectives even further. It took only several months for Kennedy to convene a special session of Congress to deliver his speech in which he necessitated America to launch the first moon landing in history by the decade’s end. After a couple of years, in 1967, the United States of America has just planned Project Apollo also known as the Apollo program and Apollo I would be its very first mission. By January, tests was started to be able to know how the craft would operate and function on its interior power, and just as with the other tests that were conducted on previous crafts, numerous problems and complications came to view. However, in spite of all the problems that came out, the test was still pushed through that same day. By night, only eleven minutes into the start of the mission, an ignition occurred within the walls of the craft cabin and all the astronauts that were on board the craft yelled for help and assistance. Unfortunately, everything was too late. The rest had already evacuated, leaving the astronauts inside, trapped. After the incident, NASA discovered that the men were al severely burnt but had died by inhaling toxic fumes caused by the burning of artificial materials inside. In a matter of eight seconds, three heroes died. Indeed, all were shock at the terrible tragedy that ensued. â€Å"With the first manned, e arth-orbit Apollo flight scheduled for mid-February, all seemed on target to make Kennedy’s vision a reality. But one evening late in January, that soaring optimism suddenly, terribly feel to Earth.† (Chaikin 11) The rebuilding of Apollo immediately followed. Apollos 4, 5 and 6 were launched earlier testing the launching capabilities of an unmanned mission. However, after almost a year since the combustion of Apollo I, NASA was prepared to restart all over again and try once more. This time, Schirra headed Apollo 7. He nicknamed this craft "Wally’s Ship" to make it known to all that he was in charge and that all courses of action taken are all approved by him. According to NASA, on October 11, 1967, the craft was launched and everything went smooth, almost perfect except for a slight insignificant delay. Apollo 7 was able to orbit around the Earth for an hour and a half. Schirra told Mission Control that was located in Houston, Texas, that the entire crew was â⠂¬Å"having a ball.† This mission indeed had put the Apollo program back on its feet after the tragedy that broke the hearts of the people from Apollo I. Apollo 7 came back to Earth successfully after almost two weeks. This mission was able to complete every single goal they had and it was known to be a national success. As the United States was celebrating its accomplishment that helped them recover from Apollo I, the Russians, who were gathering funds for a

Case Study Anylsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Study Anylsis - Essay Example Strengths: Burberry had strong and effective management team. Effective licensing growth of the company delivered huge incremental return on its capital investment. The brand had been offering heritage product to its premium customers. The company was very flexible in terms of product sourcing. And it had cost effective exposure of lower transactional. Weakness: Limited vertical integration minimised the manufacturing margin and value. Low influence in Japanese upside Its Brand extension in apparel segment has increased high risk in fashion industry. Answer 2. Burberry had the market position in between top brands like Giorgio Armani and Polo Ralph Lauren in apparel and between Gucci and coach in accessories. The decision of Bravo to reposition the brand is to get the attraction of the younger customers towards the brand while getting Burberry’s customer base. The goal was to become top brand in the luxury greats. Bravo did not want to cutting edge the classical fashion trend of Burberry but it aimed to be popular in the new generation by reengineering the brand position in the market. Answer 3. Bravo and the effective team decided to reduce the dated product designed which created a huge unsold stock. It hired new efficient team for redesigning the product according to the trend of young generation and their choices so that the brand will be popular to this demographic segment of market. Lastly Burberry came up with new image of new designed product line. Teenager is so much different from someone else’s lifestyle that lives in the English countryside, just as the lifestyle of a banker is very different from the lifestyle of a fusionist. So unless we have a strong vision and speak with a consistent voice, we run the risk of losing our brand credibility. Answer 4. In 2002, the company was having 3126 wholesale clients in the world which consist of 434 medium and large departmental stores and 2728 company owned outlets. The company opened more 132 small stores in Barcelona, New York and London. It has a large number of existing customer base who are maximum classical and traditional choice of people who actually previously used to buy the old designed product of Burberry. By 2003, Burberry items, both legitimate and counterfeit, had become increasingly popular among urban youth and hip-hop musicians. A member of the house in the reality TV series Big Brother had worn Burberry constantly. Although this brand affiliation was viewed a positive sign that Burberry had achieved inspirational status among youth, there was a concern that this affiliation could eventually alienate Burberry's core customers. Answer 5. In keeping with the brand’s rough weather heritage, the women swear line traditionally focused on the autumn/winter season; however, it had evolved in recent years to include apparel for warmer climates. The spring/summer 2000 collection had even featured Burberry check bikinis, which had proven to be enormously po pular. The company offered 330 to 350 styles per season, and the collection had been updated to include a wider assortment of fashion-influenced apparel. The accessories collection included â€Å"soft† accessories such as scarves, shawls, and ties, as well as â€Å"hard† accessories such as handbags, small leather goods (belts and wallets), women’s shoes, luggage, umbrellas, eyewear, and timepieces. As Pamela Harper, head of accessories, explained, â€Å"Accessories are a piece of the dream†; their wide range of price points made them an accessible entry point for

Comparison of Political Parties in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comparison of Political Parties in Canada - Essay Example The reforms involve harsh penalties and expansion of prison and implementation of mandatory prison sentences for gun crimes. On the other hand, the liberals offer a different approach to resolving of crime. The liberals call on being smart on crime by targeting the real perpetrators of crime (Liberal 1). They also argue that expansion of prisons is a real waste of money and has no impact in a reduction of crime. The direct approach to crime by conservatives is a reflection of their ideology. The party beliefs that there should be laws and programs that are meant not to encourage crime in society. Moreover, the party beliefs increased spending is paramount in addressing challenges facing society and hence more fund for construction of prison facilities. On the other hand, the liberal approach to tackling crime is related to their beliefs that all people should enjoy some freedom. Hence, they are against blanket condemnation of those that get involved in crime. The liberal, therefore, calls for evidence-based way of resolving crime. The liberal party appears more ‘to the left, as compared to the conservative party. This is because the party appears more concerned by individual and environment rights.

Reviewing Ibn Khaldun An Important Figure And Icon Religion Essay

Reviewing Ibn Khaldun An Important Figure And Icon Religion Essay Ibn-Khaldun is one of the most important figures and icons in the fields of History, Philosophy and Sociology in the Muslim history and culture. He opened new chapters in the world of history and played an important role in introducing new notions related to economics and the way of pricing, policing, profiting and other aspects of world economics. Ibn-Khaldun lived a life in search for stability and influence. His full name is AbÃ…Â « Zayd Abdu r-Raà ¡Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¥man bin Muà ¡Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¥ammad bin KhaldÃ…Â «n Al-Hadrami. He was born in Tunisia on the 1st of Ramadan 732 A.H. (May 27, 1332 A.D). He came from a family of Scholars and Politicians. His family was originally from Hadramawt in Yemen and had settled in Spain, but after the fall of Seville, they migrated to Tunisia where he was born. He received an early education from his father and memorized the Holy Quran at a young age. He was taught Hadith, Jurisprudence, Philology, Grammar, Rhetoric and Poetry in which he reached certain proficiency and received certification on. Ibn-Khaldun was introduced to Mathematics, Logic and Philosophy by the great mathematician and philosopher Al-Abili. Under Al-Abili Ibn-Khaldun studied the works of Averroes, Avicenna, Razi and Tusi which helped in widening up his horizons. At the age of 19 a terrible epidemic of the plague coming from the East hit Tunisia which ravaged the world and claimed many victims in the country, among which Ibn-Khalduns parents. This was the first traumatic experience in Ibn-Khalduns life, which had an undoubted influence on the direction of his thoughts. Due to this Epidemic Ibn-Khaldun wanted to migrate to Morocco with some of Tunisias Ulammas and Sheiks but was convinced by his elder brother to stay in Tunisia.  [1]   After the migration of most of Tunisias Ulamma and Sheikhs, Ibn-Khaldun decided to get more involved in the court politics by seeking a political career. At the age of 20, Ibn-Tafrakin (the ruler of Tunis) called Ibn-Khaldun to fill in the position of KÄ tib al-AlÄ mah. This Position consisted of writing calligraphy (the typical introductory notes of official documents). It is here when Ibn-Khaldun got his first hand look at the inner workings of court politics and the weakness of the government. In 713 A.H. (1352 A.D.), The Sultan of Constantine Abu Ziad Al Hifsy Marched with his army towards Tunisia in order to reclaim it back from Ibn-Tafrakin and restore its throne back to Banu Hifs. Ibn-Khaldun accompanied Ibn-Tafrakin with his forces in order to stop Abu Ziad. Unfortunately Ibn-Tafrakin lost the battle and Ibn-Khaldun Escaped to Algeria and settled in Biskra where he got married. During that same time the Moroccan Sultan Abu Enan who had recently settled on the throne after the death of his father was on his way to Conquer Algeria. On his way to join him in Telmcen Ibn-Khaldun met Ibn Abi Amr the Marinid Chamberlain (the appointed governor of Bougie), who welcomed him and invited him to stay in his new residence. After living there for some time Ibn-Khaldun was invited to join the Council of Ulama in Fez. Ibn-Khaldun was Officially Part of Sultan Abu Enan majlisu al-ilmi (literacy Circle) and afterwards was part of his secretariat. Ibn-Khaldun used his Stay in Fez to further increase his learning and studies, he writes, I devoted myself to reflection and to study, and to sitting at the feet of the great teachers, those of the Maghrib as well as those of Spain who were residing temporarily in Fez, and I benefited greatly from their teaching  [2]  . It is said that Ibn-Khaldun took advantage of the Sultans Illness and took part in a plot that aims to free t he former Sultan of Bougie Abu Abd Allah and to re-establish him to his former kingdom. Ibn-Khaldun himself Denis this and refers to intrigues, jealousy and malice; however whats certain is that he was thrown in jail for 2 whole years (758-9 A.H./1357-8 A.D.) until the death of the sultan Abu Enan. After that Ibn-Khaldun was set free and reinstated to his rank and offices by the vizier al-Hasan ibn-Umar. After being set free and gaining back his position Ibn-Khaldun started to scheme against Abu Enans successor, Abu Salem Ibrahim III, with his exiled uncle, Abu Salem. When Abu Salem became the Sultan he appointed Ibn-Khaldun to the office of Secretary of the Chancellery (kitabat al-sirr wa l-tarsil) and the repository of his confidence (Amin as-Sir). Ibn-Khaldun even became the court-poet  [3]  . When the Sultan Abu Salem was overthrown by his Vizier Omar, Ibn-Khaldun sided with the Vizier which helped keeping him in his post, but when Ibn-Khaldun wanted to gain a higher position, his request was refused (Probably because he wasnt trusted). This Refusal made Ibn-Khaldun angry which resulted in him resigning his position. Ibn-Khaldun then requested the Vizier to leave Fez and to head back to Tunisia which in turn was refused by the angry Vizier. It was then when Ibn-Khaldun asked the Viziers son-in-law to plead on his behalf to be allowed to go to Andalusia. In autumn 764 A.H./136 2 A.D. he finally obtained permission to withdraw to Granada. In Granada Ibn-Khaldun was deeply welcomed since at Fez he assisted the Sultan of Granada, Muhammad al-Ahmar, in regaining his throne and power after being exiled by his brother Ismail. In 1364 A.D. Sultan Muhammad entrusted Ibn-Khaldun with an important diplomatic mission to conclude a peace treaty with the King of Castile, Pedro the Cruel. Ibn-Khaldun successfully carried out his mission and was offered a position in Pedros service, Which Ibn-Khaldun respectfully declined. There was a great competition between Ibn-Khaldun and Sultan Muhammads vizier Ibn al-Khatib. Ibn al-Khatib viewed the relationship between Ibn-Khaldun and Sultan Muhammad with great mistrust. Few years later, Ibn-Khaldun was sent back to North Africa and Al-Khatib was accused by Sultan Muhammad of having unorthodox philosophical views and was murdered. In Africa Ibn-Khaldun was warmly welcomed by the Hafisid Sultan of Bougie Abu Abdallah who made him his Prime minister. During this Period Ibn-Khaldun was assigned to collect taxes from the local Berber tribes. In 1366 A.D. when Sultan Abu Abdallah died, Ibn-Khaldun allied himself with AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas, the ruler of Tlemcen. A few years later the ruler of Tlemcen, AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas was defeated by Abdu l-AzÄ «z who seized the throne for himself. Ibn-Khaldun was then taken as a prisoner by Abdu l-AzÄ «z until 1370 A.D. when he was sent to Telemcen by the new Sultan. After the death of Abdu l-AzÄ «z, Ibn-Khaldun resided at Fez, where he was patronage by the regent and enjoyed his confidence. In 1375 Ibn-Khaldun was sent by AbÃ…Â « Hammu (the Abdu l Wadid Sultan of Tlemcen) on a mission to the Dawadida Arabs tribes of Biskra. Thereafter, Ibn-Khaldun traveled back to the west of Algeria where he sought refuge with one of the Berber tribes and settled in the tow n of Qalat Ibn Salama. He lived under their protection for three years in which he wrote his famous Muqaddimah or Prolegomena (which is the introduction to his planned history of the world). In 1378 A.D He returned back to Tunisia, which was at that time conquered by AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas. AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas took Ibn-KhaldÃ…Â «n back into his service. During that time Ibn-KhaldÃ…Â «n devoted himself for his studies and for the completion of history of the world. He wrote, To live in retirement and devote myself exclusively to learning, if only I might be left in peace  [4]  . Ibn-Khaldun, s relationship with AbÃ…Â « l-Abbas remained tense and awkward, as the latter questioned his loyalty. In order for Ibn-KhaldÃ…Â «n to escape his awkward political past that kept following him he decided to leave the Muslim West under the pretence of going to Hajj (Pilgrimage) which is something a Muslim ruler cannot refuse Permission for, and on 24 October 1382A.D./15 Shaban 784A .H. at the ripe age of 50 Ibn-Khaldun left Tunisia and embarked on a boat sailing to Alexandria. During that time and under the Mamluks, Egypt was experiencing a period of economic development, high culture prosperity. But even when Ibn-Khaldun lived in Egypt he couldnt stay completely out of the political life and politics. In 1384 A.D. Ibn-Khaldun was made a Professor of the Qamhiyyah School and a main Qadi of the Malik School of fiqh (jurisprudence) by the Egyptian Sultan Al-Malik udh-Dhahir Barquq. Ibn-Khaldun tried to fight the Corruption and favoritism in the country but due to the Conspiracies that surrounded him he resigned his duty. His resignation coincided with the death of his family and children, when the ship carrying them sank off the coast of Alexandria in 1384 A.D. It was then when he took permission to go to the Pilgrimage to the Holy Lands of Mecca. After returning from his Pilgrimage journey in May 1388 A.D Ibn-Khaldun concentrated more on providing pure educational functions in the various Schools of Cairo. Moreover, in a certain time during a revolt against the Barquq, Ibn-Khaldun fell out of favor at the court. Later after that the relations with the Barquq returned to normal and Ibn-Khaldun once again received the Title of the Maliki Qadi. Throughout his life Ibn-Khaldun received this high title six times, which for many different reasons he never held long to. In 1401, under the Baquqs successor his son Sultan Faraj, Ibn-Khaldun took part in a military campaign against the Mongolian conquest and its leader Tamerlane. Accompanying Sultan Faraj, Ibn-Khaldun marched to Damascus where reports confirmed the arrival of Tamerlanes war Party. The young and inexperienced Faraj only stayed in Damascus for two weeks and returned back to Egypt leaving his army in Syria after concerns about a revolt in Egypt. Ibn-Khaldun remained behind in Damascus for another seven weeks where a series of Historical negotiations went between him and Tamerlane that Ibn-Khaldun mentions in his Autobiography. They Discussed Various Subjects that many where unrecorded. W. Fischel lists 6 specific topics which they talked about: Maghrib and Ibn Khalduns Land of origin. Heroes in History. Predictions of things to come. the Abbsid Caliphate Amnesty and security For Ibn Khaldun and his Companion. Ibn Khalduns intention to stay with Tamerlane.  [5]   After recognizing Tamerlane Intentions and impressing him enough that he asked ibn-Khaldun to join his court, Ibn-Khaldun returned back to Egypt with his final departing words to Tamerlane Is there any generosity left beyond that which you have already shown me? You have heaped favors upon me, accorded me a place in your council among your intimate followers, and shown me kindness and generosity- which I hope Allah will repay to you in like measures.  [6]   Ibn-Khaldun spent the next five years in Cairo completing his autobiography, writing his history of the word and acting as the Maliki Qadi. Due to various political reasons Ibn-Khaldun was dismissed and reinstated three times during these five years as the Maliki Qadi. In addition, Ibn-Khaldun formed an all male club called Rijal Hawa Rijal that attracted the attention of many religious authorities and placed him under arrest. Ibn-Khaldun Passed away on the 19th of March 1406 A.D. / 26 Ramadan 808 A.H. one month after being appointed for the sixth time for the office of the Maliki Qadi. During his life Ibn-Khaldun produced a lot of work and books some that was unfortunately lost. Ibn-Khalduns main work KitÄ bu l-ʆ¢ibÄ r was originally written as a history of the Berbers. Later on the Ibn-Khalduns focus widens and represents a so-called universal history in it. KitÄ bu l-ʆ¢ibÄ r is divided into seven main books; the first one is the Muqaddimah which can be considered as a separate work. The Muqaddimah or the Prolegomena was written in North African in 1377 and records an early Muslim view of universal history. The Muqaddimah also Deals with several topics and disciplines such as sociology, politics, urban life, economics, and knowledge. British historian Arnold J. Toynbee called the Muqaddimah a philosophy of history which is undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that has ever yet been created by any mind in any time or place.  [7]  Other than that, Books two, three, four and five cover the history of mankind up t o Ibn-Khalduns time, and Finally Books six and seven cover the history of the Berber people and Maghreb. Other works of ibn-Khaldun, LubÄ bu l-Muhassal which is a commentary on the Islamic theology of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and was written by Ibn-Khaldun at the age of nineteen in Tunis. SifÄ u l-SÄ I is a work on Sufism and was written by Ibn-Khaldun around 1373 in Fes, Morocco. ʆ¢allaqa li-l-SultÄ n, a work on logic was composed by Ibn-Khaldun during his time in the court of Muhammed V, Sultan of Granada. The British philosopher Robert Flint wrote the following on Ibn-Khaldun: As a theorist on history he had no equal in any ageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Plato, Aristotle and Augustine were not his peers.  [8]  . To Conclude, Ibn-Khaldun is considered an important figure and icon in the fields of History, Philosophy and Sociology in the Muslim history, culture and in the world. Ibn-Khaldun remains today a witness on the greatness of the Islamic thought distinguished by the accuracy, the scientific seriousness and the ability on the renewal to enrich the human thought. His Introduction is his greatest legacy he left for all of humanity and for the generations to come.

A Look at National Missile Defense :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the late 1950s, due to the former Soviet Union successfully launching a satellite into space with the help of a multi-stage missile, the United States then began to address the idea of missile defenses. Soon, both offensive and defensive long-range ballistic missile development would be placed on our government’s agenda. The objective was simple, to develop a system that could track down any missiles launched at the United States, and eliminate them before they reached their designated targets. Nike-Zeus was one of the first U.S. efforts to mount a defense against ballistic missiles. Its concept called for a 400-kiloton nuclear warhead to be detonated when in range with incoming missiles. This design had numerous flaws, and after several decades of improvements, it was updated during Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidency. By this time in 1967, the United States realized it could never stop an all-out attach by the Soviets, and therefore shifted its effor ts to protecting major cities from attack. Following the 1969 election of Richard Nixon, the missile defense focus shifted once again, this time to guarding cities with vital military stations. The United States and Soviet Union we now in full-fledged competition to see whose systems would be completed fastest, and with the most efficiency. In 1972, to help curb excessive production of long-range defense systems, the U.S. and Soviet Union signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. This treaty limited both powers to having only two anti-ballistic missile sites. In a 1983 televised nationwide address, President Reagan relayed his thoughts on how the U.S. could take the lead in the missile systems race. He announced the initiation of the Strategic Defense Initiative, also known as Star Wars. This initiative remained intact well into the early 1990s, when after the collapse of the Soviet Union, President George Bush called a review where he changed the focus of the SDI to defending deplo yed American forces from missile threats. When the Clinton Administration came into power in 1993, the SDI became the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization. The new organization projected that a defense system would be deployed by 2003, but due to technological defects, a foolproof system has not yet been constructed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The attitudes of competing countries towards our development of a defense system seem to follow a specific pattern of opposition. China, for instance, who has highlighted their national interests as economic development, reunification with Taiwan, and strengthening their power globally, say they would feel compelled to counter any developments the U.

Advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research Essay

This essay will initially present the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research and briefly quantitative research. It will then go on to critique a qualitative research article yet due to the word count only several factors of this will be critiqued and the article is by Wills’ et al (2005). Later it will consider the use of the research paper within the clinical practice area; and discuss whether the results are beneficial to the nursing profession. The implications for care delivery will be addressed and finally a conclusion will be given which will include recommendations for future practice through research. There are two forms of research methods and these are qualitative and quantitative; there are many advantages and disadvantages for using them to gather information; yet depending on the answer to be found this determines the research approach used. Some advantages of using qualitative research are that it can provide an in-depth understanding of behaviour, a description of people’s opinions and it can explore feelings, all of these are through communicating and observing (Parahoo, 2006). Qualitative research is flexible and quantitative research is selected or constructed prior to the datum being gathered (Parahoo, 2006). Disadvantages of qualitative research are they are costly and time consuming. The approach used in this research was a grounded theory which is Qualitative research (QR) is the method of inquiry that seeks to understand social phenomena within the context of the participants’ perspectives and experiences. The research methods of QR are more flexible, responsive, and open to contextual interpretation than in quantitative research, which uses inventory, questionnaire, or numerical data to draw conclusion (Merriam, †¦.). In order to critique this article a number of the research factors will be addressed, the first being the credibility of the authors. The article does not state the job descriptions of the researchers however it does state  where they work within Universities that conduct research. With their job description not being mentioned it is possible that the researchers are not qualified to conduct research or if they are it is unknown how they where trained and Polit & Beck (†¦.) suggest that researchers should have adequate training in order to conduct reliable research. The title of the research study says that is about young peoples perceptions of their own bodies and that of others and it states that it is a qualitative study however through the study it talks about children from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas and this should have been mentioned in the title as it is a huge part of their findings that more overweight children live inside these areas. Sampling of where obese children live was obtained from a reputable source†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A small sample size was used which is considered necessary for a qualitative approach, and it also contained the same amount of boys as girls which would of give the research overall richer data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The collection of data is essential as this is where †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In the initial questionnaire given to the children they were asked various questions about their sociodemographic information; one of which was how do they perceive their body to be too fat, too thin or about right. Further on into the information about the data collection the research states that when the children were interviewed the interviewer did not use value-laden words which they say for example are fat and big. This contradicts what was originally stated in the data collection as the word fat was in the initial screening questionnaire. It may have introduced the children to that term although maybe not intentionally. This can be seen as a bias to how the research information was found. Height and weight measurements were also taken to establish a Body Mass Index (BMI) for the children and a small minority of girls chose not to take part as they were anxious about being weighed in school (Wills et al, 2005), it  does not however say if the anxieties expressed by the girls were addressed and intervention for it given. The interviews were conducted by the author and this can be seen as making it more reliable as there would be no confusion as to misinterpretation from another interviewer. All interviews were tape recorded which is useful for the interviewer to analyse the data, however notes where not taken and if the tape recorder was lost or broken then there would be no information gained from that interview. Questions that deal with in-depth descriptions are best conducted from a flexible design and unstructured method of data collection (Polit & Hungler). A non-directive method was used for the interviews which enabled new perspectives to emerge for example bullying and exercise and Parahoo (2006) strengthens this by saying that conducting qualitative research can allow participants to put responses into context and this will emerge with new data and it is called holistic exploration. Through new perspectives emerging it can give suggestions for future research topics based around obesity and this is an advantage to this research. Data Analysis It is not possible to know the researchers body weights and it may be considered that could their weight have affected the children’s comments. If a quantitative research method was used then it may have been able to answer the question of why are these children overweight. Pseudonym names were given as to protect the identity of the children and decontextualised data was conducted to ensure individuals could not be identified†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. During the initial weighing of the children some girls experienced anxiety and there was no reporting of any intervention or follow up care for the girls†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ However what was extremely useful about the research was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. This article could be valuable in changing practice as it has enabled a start point for further research to be conducted; this is relevant as the United Kingdom’s populations are becoming more overweight and this can have serious health implications. Consent was given from the children and also obtained from their parents which is essential when research is being conducted on children. There are two types of consent and they are informed consent and consent†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Conclusion and recommendations for future practice It can be said that both quantitative and qualitative research have both advantages and disadvantages however this is only determined by people criticising the work of others.

Creating Learning Centers to Support Skills

Creating Learning Centers to Support Skills Learning Centers can be an important and fun part of your instructional environment and can supplement and support the regular curriculum. They create opportunities for collaborative learning as well as differentiation of instruction. A learning center is usually a place in the classroom designed for different tasks that students can complete in small groups or alone. When there are space constraints, you can use a display as a learning center with activities that children can take back to their desks. Organization and Administration Many primary classrooms have center time, when children move to a specific part of the classroom. There they can either choose which activity to pursue or rotate through all the centers. In intermediate or middle school classrooms, learning centers can follow completion of assigned work. Students can fill in checklists or pass books to show they have completed a required number of activities. Or, students can be rewarded for completed activities with a classroom reinforcement plan or token economy. In any case, be sure to have a record keeping system that is simple enough for the children can keep themselves. You can then monitor their progress with a minimum of attentionreinforcing their sense of responsibility. You might have monthly charts, where a monitor stamps completed activities for each learning center. You could cycle through monitors each week or have monitors for each specific center who stamps students passports. A natural consequence for children who abuse center time would be to require them to do alternate drill activities, like worksheets. Learning centers can support skills in the curriculumespecially mathand can broaden students understanding, or provide practice in reading, math or combinations of those things. Activities found in learning centers could include paper and pencil puzzles, art projects connected to a social studies or science theme, self correcting activities or puzzles, write on and erasable laminated board activities, games and even computer activities. Literacy Centers Reading and Writing Activities: There are lots of activities that will support instruction in literacy. Here are a few: Laminate a short story into a folder, and give prompts for students to respond.Laminate articles about popular television or music personalities, and have students answer Who, What, Where, When, How and Why questions.Make puzzles where students match initial letters and word family endings: example: t, s, m, g with the ending old. Math Activities: Puzzles matching problems and their answers.Color by number puzzles using math facts to come up with the numbers.Board games where students answer math facts on the spaces they hit.Measuring activities with scales, sand and different size measures such as cup, teaspoon, etc.Geometry activities where students make pictures with geometric shapes. Social Studies Activities: Combine literacy and social studies activities: Write and illustrate newspaper articles about: the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the discovery of America by Columbus, the election of Barack Obama.Matching card games: match pictures to names of historical figures, shapes of states to the names of states, capitals of states to the names of states.Board games based on historical eras, such as the civil war. You land on Battle of Gettysburg. If youre a Yankee, you go forward 3 steps. If youre a Rebel, you go back 3 steps. Science Activities: Centers based on the current content, say magnets or space.Place the planets correctly on a velcroed map.Demonstrations from the class that they can do in the center.